Left38354000right38290500Ground water Tyler Duffy Essays - Water

left38354000right38290500Ground water Tyler Duffy center21018500 Water table: The surface below which the ground is saturated with water Zone of aeration: The region between the earth's surface and the water table. The main components of this region are the soil and rocks. The zone of aeration is also known as the unsaturated area, pore spaces contain some water but mostly air. Zone of saturation: The area in an aquifer, below the water table, in which relatively all pores and fractures are saturated with water. All pore spaces completely filled with water Capillary fringe: The subsurface layer in which groundwater seeps up from a water table by capillary action to fill pores. Region above the water table in which water rises against gravity as a result of surface tension. Water budget Recharge: The refilling of soil water supply at times when plants need little moisture Surplus: Condition of having rainfall greater than the need for moisture when the soil is already saturated Usage: The condition where the plants draw water from the soil at times when the need for moisture is greater than the rainfall Deficit: A condition in which stored soil water is gone and the need for moisture is greater than the rainfall 368683511582400Pollution Materials from the land's surface can move through the soil and end up in the groundwater. For example, pesticides and fertilizers can find their way into groundwater supplies over time. Road salt, toxic substances from mining sites, and used motor oil also may seep into groundwater. In addition, it is possible for untreated waste from septic tanks and toxic chemicals from underground storage tanks and leaky landfills to contaminate groundwater. Drinking contaminated groundwater can have serious health effects. Diseases such as hepatitis and dysentery may be caused by contamination from septic tank waste. Poisoning may be caused by toxins that have leached into well water supplies. Wildlife can also be harmed by contaminated groundwater. SOURCES OF GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION Storage Tanks May contain gasoline, oil, chemicals, or other types of liquids and they can either be above or below ground. Over time the tanks can corrode, crack and develop leaks. Septic Systems Septic systems are designed to slowly drain away human waste underground at a slow, harmless rate. An improperly designed, located, constructed, or maintained septic system can leak bacteria, viruses, household chemicals, and other contaminants into the groundwater. Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Hazardous waste sites can lead to groundwater contamination if there are barrels or other containers laying around that are full of hazardous materials. If there is a leak, these contaminants can eventually make their way down through the soil and into the groundwater. Landfills Landfills are supposed to have a protective bottom layer to prevent contaminants from getting into the water. However, if there is no layer or it is cracked, contaminants from the landfill make their way down into the groundwater. Chemicals and Road Salts Chemicals include products used on lawns and farm fields to kill weeds and insects and to fertilize plants, and other products used in homes and businesses. When it rains, these chemicals can seep into the ground and eventually into the water. Road salts are used in the wintertime. When the ice melts, the salt gets washed off the roads and eventually ends up in the water. Atmospheric Contaminants Since groundwater is part of the hydrologic cycle, contaminants in other parts of the cycle, such as the atmosphere or bodies of surface water, can eventually be transferred into our groundwater supplies. Minerals in groundwater The most common dissolved mineral substances are sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, and sulfate. Drainage from salt springs and sewage, oil fields, and other industrial wastes may add large amounts of chloride to streams and groundwater reservoirs. Small quantities of chloride have little effect on the use of water. Minerals dissolve into the groundwater from ground water running along lower soil levels or bed rock, it dissolves minerals. Artesian Formations 285963327510800Sometimes an aquifer dips underground between impermeable rock layers. A sandwich of permeable and impermeable rocks is formed. This arrangement is called anartesianformation. The upper impermeable layer of anartesian formation, usually shale, is called the cap rock. Gravity moves the water downward in the dipping aquifer. The water is pushed along by the weight of all the water above and behind it. Great quantities of water may enter the aquifers

Critical analysis of a PR campaign The WritePass Journal

Critical analysis of a PR campaign Abstract Critical analysis of a PR campaign ). Social media made this form of contest possible, with the dreamers fuelling the desire to see it happen if not to them then to someone they could relate to. Once again, the campaign appealed to the target market in a manner that they could relate to with a message that they could understand. This has served to provide Queensland with a sustained and widely popular brand that is associated with innovation and trying new concepts (Australia, 2014). 2.3 Effectiveness The Queensland PR campaign has been deemed successful and innovative by a wide variety of professionals and advertisers around the world (Pomering, 2013). The simple style, coupled with the psychological incentives combined to surpass company expectations. The implementation of low cost solution to high cost problems propelled this campaign forward. As evidence of their overall success, the Queensland Company claims the campaign has changed the face of global advertising in a positive manner (Australia, 2014). This point has a clear impact on the manner in which other modern operations are conducted. With numbers that are hard to dispute, the amount of interest generated by free media coverage alone provides a compelling appeal to the approach. 3 Conclusion This essay examined the Tourism Queensland promotion of the Great Barrier Reef in 2009 in an effort to develop a deeper appreciation of the benefits and detriments of the approach. The research illustrated that it was the simple, direct, novel and innovative approach the Queensland PR campaign that utilized the exotic locale and attractiveness of rare employment, alongside the simple principles of timing and effective communication to sustain the interest of entire global population. There was a direct a lasting outreach to a targeted market of adventurers using social media that resulted in a growing wave of interest that created media attention and further exposure. Building on this reaction was the contest application method that publicized the lucky winner, and continued to follow the person after the job. As a result of this strategy the company experienced free media coverage, a wide base for extended communication and an overall improvement of their brand image. Further, this able utilization of assets on hand was accomplished at a minimal cost with maximum effect. In the end the Queensland PR campaign of 2009 showcased what can happen when a company can tap into the dreams of a population, as well as the pocket book. References Australia, T. 2014.  About the campaign Best Jobs in the world Campaigns Tourism Australia. [Online] Available at: tourism.australia.com/campaigns/Global-Youth-about-the-campaign.aspx [Accessed: 7 Feb 2014]. Biocca, F. 2013.  Television and Political Advertising. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Culbertson, H. M. and ChÊ »en, N. 1996.  International public relations. Mahwah, N.J.: Erlbaum. Cutlip, S. M. 2013.  Public relations history. Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum. Goeldner, C. R. and Ritchie, J. R. B. 2010.  Tourism. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Grunig, J. E., Grunig, L. A. and Toth, E. L. 2013.  The future of excellence in public relations and communication management. Mahwah, N.J.: Erlbaum. Macnamara, J. 2010. Public relations and the social: How practitioners are using, or abusing, social media.  Asia Pacific Public Relations Journal, 11 (1), pp. 2139. Pomering, A. 2013. Indigenous Identity in the Nation Brand: Tension and Inconsistency in a Nations Tourism Advertising Campaigns.  Corporate Reputation Review, 16 (1), pp. 6679. Ryan, D. and Jones, C. 2011.  The best digital marketing campaigns in the world. London: Kogan Page. Smith, R. D. 2002.  Strategic planning for public relations. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Sweeney, M. 2009.  Best job in the world campaign storms Cannes Lions advertising awards. [online] Available at: theguardian.com/media/2009/jun/23/best-job-advertising-awards [Accessed: 7 Feb 2014]. Simon, R. 2014.  Tourism Queensland ‘Best Job In The World’ Social Media campaign Marketing Case Studies | UTalkMarketing. [online] Available at: utalkmarketing.com/Pages/Article.aspx?ArticleID=17349 [Accessed: 7 Feb 2014].

Impacts of tourism in Thailand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Impacts of tourism in Thailand - Essay Example Most of Southeast Asian countries have been promoting tourism as a major component of their development strategies for a few decades. The efforts are supported by beliefs that tourism generates considerable sources of employment for locals; economic growth; income distribution; foreign exchange earnings; and export receipts. Just like Thai trademark rice export, tourism has become a key contributor to the Thai economy. Importance of tourism for Thai economy can be accessed with the help of data provided by national accounts data and Thailand’s Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSA) (Wattanakuljarus, 2005, p.3). Wattanakuljarus (2005) states that, â€Å"On average during 1998-2005, Thai tourism directly and indirectly accounts for 13 % of GDP (665 billion baht), 10 % of employment (3 million jobs), 13 % of exports (417 billion baht), 12 % investment (117 billion baht) and 3%of government budget (13 billion baht)† (p.3).Such huge incorporation of tourism related activities cert ainly has impact on Thai society in general and some areas in particular. This paper studies the impact of tourism on Thai economy, environment, agriculture, society, culture, and tradition. The information used throughout the paper is generalisable. All of the information used is taken from authentic sources, such as, journals, academic reports, and books. Most of the data is obtained from libraries, either local or digital. Impacts of Tourism in Thailand Thailand has long pursued its goal of tourism related marketing strategy. The strategy is to boost economy, encourage low, medium, and high cost tourism in all the potential regions of the country. From â€Å"Land of Smiles† promotion slogan and other extensive promotional strategies, Thailand has become the more popular and south-after tourist destination from all over the world (Pfotenhauer and Mingsarn, 1994, p.23).Tourist visit Thailand for variety of reasons, the reasons may not be mutually exclusive because they often combine them when planning for the visit. Some of the most common types of tourism in Thailand include: adventure tourism, cultural tourism, disaster tourism, drug tourism, Eco-tourism, family tourism, food tourism, sex tourism, medical tourism, and sports tourism. Adventure Tourism Traditionally, adventure tourists explore Thailand in search of adventure by climbing mountains; trekking for longer time periods; kayaking; and visiting off-beat places far from conventional areas to visit. A comparatively mild form of adventure tourism is â€Å"soft adventure tourism† that caters people who want to combine some rough experiences but lesser than regular adventure tourists. They prefer to combine visits to important cities and beautiful beaches. Bird watching is also a kind of adventure tourism (Berger, 2007, p.11). Cultural Tourism Cultural tourists are keen to investigate and get information about the cultures, importance, and history of the places they visit. They usually focus on famous cathedrals; historical museum; symphony halls; opera houses; and similar attractions (Berger, 2007, p.11). Disaster Tourism Some tourists prefer visiting the places of disaster of a kind or another. They observe places for knowing what happened; how it affected people and environment there; and how people there are coping with the disaster. They â€Å"participate in history† by experiencing such places throu gh visit. For instance, after December 2004’ tsunami, some tourists packed bags for visiting affected places (Berger, 2007, pp.11-12). Drug Tourism The tourists visit places where they can access drugs easily and without any restriction. They visit Thailand because they can’